| Derivatives |
The Company has determined that certain warrants the Company has issued contain provisions that protect holders from future issuances of the Company’s common stock at prices below such warrants’ respective exercise prices and these provisions could result in modification of the warrants’ exercise price based on a variable that is not an input to the fair value of a “fixed-for-fixed” option as defined under FASB ASC Topic No. 815 – 40. The warrants granted in connection with the issuance of the Company’s Stock Offering and 2012 Common Stock Offering, the Convertible Notes (previously issued and converted) and the placement agent warrants granted in the Company’s Stock Offering and 2012 Common Stock Offering contain anti-dilution provisions that provide for a reduction in the exercise price of such warrants in the event that future common stock (or securities convertible into or exercisable for common stock) is issued (or becomes contractually issuable) at a price per share (a “Lower Price”) that is less than the exercise price of such warrant at the time. The amount of any such adjustment is determined in accordance with the provisions of the warrant agreement and depends upon the number of shares of common stock issued (or deemed issued) at the Lower Price and the extent to which the Lower Price is less than the exercise price of the warrant at the time.
Activities for derivative warrant instruments during the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012 were as follows:
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Units
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Fair Value
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Balance, December 31, 2011
|
|
|
3,389,771 |
|
|
$ |
4,439,613 |
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|
Warrants issued with Stock Offering
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|
|
242,190 |
|
|
|
318,087 |
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|
Placement agent warrants related to Stock Offering
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|
|
121,095 |
|
|
|
159,044 |
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|
Warrants issued with 2012 Common Stock Offering-A
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|
|
3,118,988 |
|
|
|
1,409,554 |
|
|
Warrants issued with 2012 Common Stock Offering-B
|
|
|
1,559,505 |
|
|
|
1,665,697 |
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|
Placement agent warrants related to 2012 Common Stock Offering
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|
|
467,845 |
|
|
|
499,707 |
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|
Transfer from liability classification to equity classification
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|
|
(3,753,056 |
) |
|
|
(4,231,324 |
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|
Change in fair value
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|
|
- |
|
|
|
(685,420 |
) |
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Balance, December 31, 2012
|
|
|
5,146,338 |
|
|
|
3,574,958 |
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|
Transfer from liability classification to equity classification
|
|
|
(3,177,715
|
)
|
|
|
(1,047,095
|
)
|
|
Change in fair value
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
4,179,392
|
|
|
Balance, December 31, 2013
|
|
|
1,968,623
|
|
|
$
|
6,707,255
|
|
On December 19, 2012, as the result of the Share Exchange, it was determined that the floor for resetting the exercise price was met and the exercise price of certain warrants was fixed to be $0.26 (before Exchange Ratio adjustment). Therefore, these warrants were considered indexed to the Company’s stock and qualified for the scope exception under FASB ASC 815-10 allowing for a transfer from liability classification
to equity classification.
During the year ended December 31, 2013, certain warrants expired or were exercised. The fair value of these warrants measured on the expiration or exercise date was reclassified to additional paid-in capital.
The fair values of the warrants issued in the Company’s stock and Convertible Notes Offering and the warrants issued to the Company’s placement agent were recognized as derivative warrant instruments at issuance and are measured at fair value at each reporting period. The Company determined the fair values of these warrants using a modified binomial valuation model.
The fair values of the derivative warrants were calculated using a modified binomial valuation model with the following assumptions at each balance sheet date, the transfer date on December 19, 2012, and the date for the new grants in January and December 2012. (The market value of common stock, adjusted exercise price and offering price prior to the Share Exchange presented does not reflect the impact of the Share Exchange.)
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December 31,
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January 31,
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December 19,
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December 27,
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|
December 31,
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|
December 31,
|
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2011
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|
2012
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2012
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|
2012
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|
2012
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|
2013
|
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|
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|
Market value of common stock on measurement date (1)
|
$0.37
|
|
$0.37
|
|
$0.39
|
|
$0.39
|
|
$0.39
|
|
$5.89
|
|
Adjusted exercise price
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$0.24 - $0.26
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|
$0.23 - $0.26
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|
$0.41 - $0.83
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|
$0.22 - $0.26
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|
$0.41 - $0.83
|
|
|
|
Risk free interest rate (2)
|
1.35%
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|
1.24%
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|
0.10% - 0.77%
|
|
0.94%
|
|
0.10% - 0.77%
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|
1.27%
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|
Warrant lives in years
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7 years
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|
7 years
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|
4 months/5 years
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6 years
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4 months/5 years
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0.5 years
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|
Expected volatility (3)
|
156%
|
|
157%
|
|
125% - 161%
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|
161%
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|
125% - 161%
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|
73%
|
|
Expected dividend yield (4)
|
-
|
|
-
|
|
-
|
|
-
|
|
-
|
|
- |
|
Probability of stock offering in any period over 5 years (5)
|
25%
|
|
25%
|
|
25%
|
|
25%
|
|
25%
|
|
25%
|
|
Range of percentage of existing shares offered (6)
|
35%
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|
35%
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|
35%
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|
35%
|
|
35%
|
|
35%
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|
Offering price range (7)
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$0.18 - $0.55
|
|
$0.13 - $0.56
|
|
$0.01 - $0.55
|
|
$0.12 - $0.60
|
|
$0.01 - $0.55
|
|
$9
|
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|
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(1)
|
The market value of common stock is based on the Company’s enterprise valuation at and prior to December 31, 2012. The market value of common stock at December 31, 2013 is based on the Company’s trading price quoted on the OTC Markets.
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(2)
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The risk-free interest rate was determined by management using the Treasury Bill as of the respective measurement date.
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(3)
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Because the Company does not have adequate trading history to determine its historical trading volatility, the volatility factor was estimated by management using the historical volatilities of comparable companies in the same industry and region.
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(4)
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Management determined the dividend yield to be 0% based upon its expectation that it will not pay dividends for the foreseeable future.
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(5)
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Management determines the probability of future stock offering at each evaluation date.
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(6)
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Management estimates that the range of percentages of existing shares offered in each stock offering will be 35% of the shares outstanding.
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(7)
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Represents the estimated offering price range in future offerings as determined by management.
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